The U.S. National Education Technology Plan, Transforming American Education: Learning Powered by Technology, has a goal of raising the proportion of college graduates so that 60 percent of our population holds a two-year or four-year degree by 2020.

Sloan-C sees this as an opportunity for online learning.  In a blog posting, they said:

Over the next decade, we will need to accommodate 53% growth in the student population.  Most institutions could not accommodate this kind of growth with their current physical infrastructure.  Online learning—both on-campus in hybrid courses and at a distance in fully online courses—allows us to achieve this kind of learning at the scale that will be needed as the number of students increases.

I agree with Sloan-C.  This is a great opportunity for online learning.  This plan is also a great opportunity for educational technologies.  The U.S. Department of Education’s plan progressively states:

Many students’ lives today are filled with technology that gives them mobile access to information and resources 24/7, enables them to create multimedia content and share it with the world, and allows them to participate in online social networks where people from all over the world share ideas, collaborate, and learn new things. Outside school, students are free to pursue their passions in their own way and at their own pace. The opportunities are limitless, borderless, and instantaneous.

The challenge for our education system is to leverage the learning sciences and modern technology to create engaging, relevant, and personalized learning experiences for all learners that mirror students’ daily lives and the reality of their futures. In contrast to traditional classroom instruction, this requires that we put students at the center and empower them to take control of their own learning by providing flexibility on several dimensions.

Beyond creating more generationally appropriate learning experiences for 21st century students, the report goes on to state how the implementation of various educational technologies will better prepare students for their futures as lifelong learning knowledge workers:

Whether the domain is English language arts, mathematics, sciences, social studies, history, art, or music, 21st-century competencies and such expertise as critical thinking, complex problem solving, collaboration, and multimedia communication should be woven into all content areas. These competencies are necessary to become expert learners, which we all must be if we are to adapt to our rapidly changing world over the course of our lives. That involves developing deep understanding within specific content areas and making the connections among them.

How we need to learn includes using the technology that professionals in various disciplines use. Professionals routinely use the Web and tools, such as wikis, blogs, and digital content for the research, collaboration, and communication demanded in their jobs. They gather data and analyze the data using inquiry and visualization tools. They use graphical and 3D modeling tools for design. For students, using these real-world tools creates learning opportunities that allow them to grapple with real-world problems—opportunities that prepare them to be more productive members of a globally competitive workforce.

I just finished reading “Are We Migrating Education Online Too Fast?” on Good’s website.  In his article, Nikhil Swaminathan reported:

The study, conducted by researchers at Northwestern University’s School of Education and Policy, focused on an introductory course in microeconomics in which more than 1,600 students are enrolled each semester. As a result of space issues, many of the students opt to watch online versions of lectures.

“At the least, our findings indicate that much more experimentation is necessary before one can credibly declare that online education is peer to traditional live classroom instruction, let alone superior to live instruction,” the report states.

Wait a second here: “Many of the students opt to watch online versions of lectures.”  That’s what they are calling online education?  That’s not online education!  I went on to read the Northwestern study and found that, sure enough, the misnomer came straight from the School of Education and Policy researchers (repeat: School of Education and Policy).

Sure, one can learn a lot from watching a video.  But, one can not receive an education from watching a video.  Even the MIT OpenCourseWare website (which offers free lecture notes, exams, and videos from MIT) states that “OCW is not an MIT education…MIT OpenCourseWare is a publication of the course materials that support the dynamic classroom interactions of an MIT education.”

Dynamic classroom interactions, that’s the key phrase.  It has been shown time and time again that it is indeed possible to create such an environment in an online classroom.  While certain lecture capture systems do offer robust interactive video players and they make watching an online lecture slightly more tolerable, students interact with the recorded content – not with the instructor, and certainly not with their classmates.

The Northwestern study, I’m sure, had accurate findings.  It’s not entirely surprising what they reported: face-to-face lectures are more effective than recorded lectures.  What is surprising is that based on these findings, the authors wrote, “live-only instruction dominates internet instruction.”  They also failed to mention that most other researchers in the field have found that it is essential to utilize multiple instructional strategies for online learning (and most of these researchers would be against having students watch entire lectures online).

Traditional classroom-based courses cannot be “migrated” online.  There have to be significant changes.  In tandem with comprehensive faculty development, courses have to be redesigned from scratch.

Maybe we can chalk this story up to poor wording.  Maybe the authors didn’t mean to imply that online education is inferior to classroom-based education because videos of lectures are not as effective as face-to-face lectures.  Since this report came out of a school of education and policy, I sure hope this is the case.

With that said, I know there are still a lot of schools (hopefully not schools of education) recording lectures and delivering them as “distance education.”  Is this you?  Tell me about it.  How long is each video?  What kind of student feedback are you getting?  What other instructional strategies are you using?  What’s the ratio, video to other?  Is this working for you?  If not, and if you want to change your approach, are you facing resistance?  From whom?

more Marc Alan Sperber on the Web2.0